Ginkgo Biloba
A traditional circulation and memory herb where big trials disappointed.
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What it is
Ginkgo is an extract from one of the oldest tree species, traditionally used for memory and circulation. Standardized extracts (like EGb 761) are the studied forms.
How it works
Ginkgo extract is thought to improve blood flow and act as an antioxidant, the basis for its traditional use in memory and circulation. Standardized extracts (like EGb 761) are the studied forms — but large, rigorous trials haven't confirmed the hoped-for cognitive protection.
What it's been studied for
Taken to support memory, cognition, and circulation.
What the evidence shows
Despite popularity, large, well-run trials (such as the GEM study) found ginkgo did not prevent dementia or cognitive decline. Some smaller studies show minor effects. The strong evidence for cognitive protection isn't there.
Who should consider it
It's used for memory, cognition, and circulation. Given that big trials found no dementia-prevention benefit, it's best approached with realistic expectations. It also meaningfully affects bleeding risk, which limits who should use it.
Amounts commonly studied
Studies commonly used 120-240 mg per day of a standardized extract.
How to take it
Studies commonly used 120-240 mg per day of a standardized extract. Consistency between brands varies, so a standardized product matters. Avoid it around surgery and with blood thinners.
Forms & absorption
Standardized extract (EGb 761 is the most studied). Consistency between brands varies.
Food sources
None — ginkgo is a standardized leaf extract; raw ginkgo seeds are not a supplement source and can be toxic.
Safety & interactions
Can thin the blood and raise bleeding risk — avoid with blood thinners, and stop before surgery. May interact with several medications.
Myths & what it won't do
Myth: ginkgo prevents dementia or sharply boosts memory. Reality: large trials (like the GEM study) found it did not prevent dementia; smaller studies show minor, inconsistent effects. Myth: it's harmless because it's herbal. Reality: it thins the blood and can raise bleeding risk.
Common questions
- Does ginkgo improve memory?
- Large, well-run trials found no dementia-prevention benefit; smaller studies show only minor, inconsistent effects. Keep expectations modest.
- Is it safe with blood thinners?
- Use caution — ginkgo can increase bleeding risk, so avoid it with anticoagulants and stop before surgery.
- Which form should I choose?
- A standardized extract (EGb 761 is the most studied) for consistency.
The amounts listed here are what published research has used — not a prescription or a recommended dose for you. Confirm anything you plan to take with your own healthcare provider, especially if you take medications, are pregnant or nursing, or have a health condition.
Related goals
Research on Ginkgo Biloba
Recommendations on this page are informed by published research. This is educational information, not medical advice.
- DeKosky ST, Williamson JD, Fitzpatrick AL, et al. Ginkgo biloba for prevention of dementia: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2008;300(19):2253-2262. View study →Note: This large trial (GEM) found ginkgo did not reduce the incidence of dementia or Alzheimer's disease in older adults.